Immunomodulators are bio-active agents, which suppress, weaken or alter the activity of the immune system. This may consequently weaken inflammatory responses. Immunomodulators (immunosuppreessors) are most often used in organ transplantation to prevent rejection of an implant.

Autoimmune diseases are situations, where the immune system attacks one's own cells, tissues and organs, erroneously recognizing them as alien factors. 
Immunomodulators may be used to cure autoimmune deseases.

Mycophenolic acid

Mycophenolic acid
Molecular Formula
C17H20O6
M.W.
320.34
CAS number
24280-93-1
MSDS
Source
Penicillium brevicompactum
Fermentek product Code
MPA-001
Brand/grade
For research
Appearance
White to off white powder
Purity by HPLC
≥98% ; refer to CoA for more data
Purity By TLC
≥98% ; refer to CoA for more data
Solubility test
Clear colorless solution at 50mg/ml DMSO
EU number
246-119-3
Description

fatty acid antibiotic

InChl Key
HPNSFSBZBAHARI-RUDMXATFSA-N
Canonical SMILES
CC1=C(C(=C(C2=C1COC2=O)O)CC=C(C)CCC(=O)O)OC
Isomeric SMILES
CC1=C(C(=C(C2=C1COC2=O)O)C/C=C(\C)/CCC(=O)O)OC
Solubility ( literature )

DMSO, Ethanol, Methanol, Dichloromethane. Insoluble in water

Compound Classification

Immunosupressor

Purine nucleotide synthesis inhibitor

Ingredient type
Fermentek product
Title
toxicity oral mouse LD50
Value
1 gr/kg
Title
toxicity oral rat LD50
Value
352 mg/kg
Fermentek Product Category
Antibiotics
Immunomodulators
Others
Signal to sort
M

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Mycophenolic_acid.gif
Mycophenolic_acid.gif

Mycophenolate Mofetil

Mycophenolate Mofetil
Molecular Formula
C23H31NO7
M.W.
433.49
CAS number
128794-94-5
MSDS
Source
synthetic
Fermentek product Code
MYM-001
Brand/grade
For research
Appearance
White to off white powder
Purity by HPLC
≥95% ; refer to CoA for more data
Purity By TLC
≥98% ; refer to CoA for more data
Solubility test
Clear colorless solution at 50mg/ml DMSO
Names and identifiers

2-Morpholinoethyl (E)-6-(4-hydroxy-6-methoxy-7-methyl-3-oxo-5-phthalanyl)-4-methyl-4-hexenoate systematic name: 4-Hexenoic acid, 6-(1,3-dihydro-4-hydroxy-6-methoxy-7-methyl-3-oxo-5-isobenzofuranyl)-4-methyl-, 2-(4-morpholinyl)ethyl ester, (E)-

RTECS No : MP7746700

EU number
627-027-6
Description

Morpholinoethyl ester of Mycophenolic acid

InChl Key
RTGDFNSFWBGLEC-SYZQJQIISA-N
Canonical SMILES
CC1=C(C(=C(C2=C1COC2=O)O)CC=C(C)CCC(=O)OCCN3CCOCC3)
Solubility ( literature )

Acetone: freely soluble.Methanol: solubleEthanol: Sparingly solubleNeutral water: about 40 µg/mLWater acidified to pH 4: about 4 mg/ml

Compound Classification

Immunomodulator, Immunosuppressor

Storage, handling
-18°C
Retest time
3 Years
Ingredient type
Fermentek product
Available since
Title
Deleted CAS Numbers
Value
115007-34-6; 140401-05-4
Title
Transport information
Value
Not hazardous for transport
Fermentek Product Category
Antibiotics
Immunomodulators
Others
Signal to sort
M

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Mycophenolate_Mofetil.gif
Mycophenolate_Mofetil.gif

Mithramycin A

Mithramycin A
Molecular Formula
C52H76O24
M.W.
1 085.00
CAS number
18378-89-7
MSDS
Source
Streptomyces argillaceus
Fermentek product Code
MTA-001
Brand/grade
For research
Appearance
Yellow powder
Purity by HPLC
≥98% ; refer to CoA for more data
Purity By TLC
≥98% ; refer to CoA for more data
Solubility test
Clear yellowish solution at 100mg/ml DMSO
Names and identifiers

Synonyms:

  • Mithramycin
  • Plicamycin
  • Aureolic acid

RTECS: PZ2800000

EU number
634-048-4
Description

Oligosaccharide antibiotic, a RNA synthesis inhibitor.

InChl Key
CFCUWKMKBJTWLW-BKHRDMLASA-N
Canonical SMILES
CC1C(C(CC(O1)OC2CC(OC(C2O)C)OC3=CC4=CC5=C(C(=O)C(C(C5)C(C(=O)C(C(C)O)O)OC)OC6CC(C(C(O6)C)O)OC7CC(C(C(O7)C)O)OC8CC(C(C(O8)C)O)(C)O)C(=C4C(=C3C)O)O)O)O
Isomeric SMILES
C[C@@H]1[C@H]([C@@H](C[C@@H](O1)O[C@@H]2C[C@@H](O[C@@H]([C@H]2O)C)OC3=CC4=CC5=C(C(=O)[C@H]([C@@H](C5)[C@@H](C(=O)[C@H]([C@@H](C)O)O)OC)O[C@H]6C[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)C)O)O[C@H]7C[C@H]([C@H]([C@H](O7)C)O)O[C@H]8C[C@]([C@@H]([C@H](O8)C)O)(C)O)C(=C4C(=C3C)O)O)O)O
Solubility ( literature )

DMSO, Methanol, Ethanol

Compound Classification

Anthracycline Pentaglycosidic antibiotic.

RNA synthesis inhibitor

Storage, handling
Store in a freezer upon arrival, at -10°C to -25°C
Protect from moisture
Avoid exposing to strong direct light.
Store under argon.
Other vendors may recommend higher temperatures for storage.
Retest time
3 Years
Applications

DNA binding fluorescent dye. Until 2000 it was used to reduce high levels of plasma calcium. Used as an antineoplastic agent in the treatment of testicular cancer, Paget's disease of bone, and, rarely, the management of hypercalcemia.

Disclaimer
For Research use only
Not for Human or Drug use
Not extracted from humans or animals
Refer to MSDS for further safety and handling instructions
Ingredient type
Fermentek product
Available since
Title
Transport information
Value
Not dangerous goods
Title
Deleted CAS numbers
Value
1395-17-1; 1403-98-1; 12708-66-6; 12708-67-7; 23973-19-5; 97666-60-9; 219612-19-8; 744999-90-4; 807260-73-7; 826336-23-6; 899900-19-7; 1195235-16-5
Title
CN code
Value
29419000
Title
toxicity by RTECS
Value
LD50 oral mouse 500 mg/kg
Title
toxicity by RTECS
Value
TDLo oral human 50 ug/kg* 5D
Title
EPA USA status
Value
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Positive: CHO gene mutation
Fermentek Product Category
Antibiotics
Research field: Cancer
Angiogenesis related
Anti Viral
Cancer Related Compounds
DNA replication inhibitors
Immunomodulators
Signal to sort
M

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Mithramycin_A.gif
Mithramycin_A.gif

Ionomycin Calcium Salt

Ionomycin Calcium Salt
Molecular Formula
C41H70O9Ca
M.W.
747.06
CAS number
56092-82-1
MSDS
Source
Streptomyces conglobatus
Fermentek product Code
IOC-001
Brand/grade
For research
Appearance
White to yellow powder
Purity by HPLC
≥97% ; refer to CoA for more data
Purity By TLC
≥98% ; refer to CoA for more data
Solubility test
Clear colorless to faint yellow solution at 25mg/ml DMSO or 75mg/ml Ethanol
Names and identifiers

RTECS NO0650000

EU number
611-357-2
Description

Ionomycin : a potent and selective Ca++ ionophore

InChl Key
WKRWUYKLUMMAKG-UHFFFAOYSA-L
Canonical SMILES
CC(CCC(=O)[O-])CC(C)CC(C)C(=O)C=C(C(C)CC(C)CC=CC(C)C(C(C)C(CC1CCC(O1)(C)C2CCC(O2)(C)C(C)O)O)O)[O-].[Ca+2]
Solubility ( literature )

DMSO, Ethanol, Methanol

Compound Classification
  • Fatty acid antibiotic
  • Calcium Ionophore
Storage, handling
Store in a freezer upon arrival, at -10°C to -25°C
Applications

Ionomycin is more effective than A23187 as a Ca++ionophore. Ionomycin is used in research on Ca++ transport across biological membranes; Ionomycin induces apoptotic degeneration of embryonic cortical neurons.

Ingredient type
Fermentek product
Transport safety: Not Dangerous Goods; Not Regulated
Available since
Title
Transport information
Value
Not dangerous goods
Title
Deleted CAS Numbers
Value
1214981-98-2
Fermentek Product Category
Antibiotics
Apoptosis related
Immunomodulators
Ionophores
Signal to sort
I

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Ionomycin_Ca_salt.gif
Ionomycin_Ca_salt.gif

Hypericin

Hypericin
Molecular Formula
C30H16O8
M.W.
504.44
CAS number
548-04-9
MSDS
Source
Hypericium perforatum (plant extract)
Fermentek product Code
HYP-001
Brand/grade
For research
Appearance
Blue – black powder
Purity by HPLC
≥98% ; refer to CoA for more data
Purity By TLC
≥98% ; refer to CoA for more data
Solubility test
Clear red solution at 10mg/ml DMSO
Names and identifiers
  • Cyclo-Werrol
EU number
208-941-0
Description

Natural antidepressant. Anti-retroviral agent. A protein kinaze-C inhibitor.

InChl Key
BTXNYTINYBABQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Canonical SMILES
CC1=CC(=C2C3=C1C4=C5C(=C(C=C4C)O)C(=O)C6=C(C=C(C7=C6C5=C3C8=C7C(=CC(=C8C2=O)O)O)O)O)O
Solubility ( literature )

Soluble in alkaline aqueous solutions. Soluble in organic bases such as pyridine (red fluorescent solutions) but not in other organic solvents

Compound Classification
  • Perylene analog.
  • Anthraquinone derivative
Storage, handling
Store in a freezer upon arrival, at -10°C to -25°C
Retest time
3 Years
Applications

Antidepressant. Apoptosis inducer. PKC inhibitor. Antiviral

Disclaimer
Refer to MSDS for further safety and handling instructions.
Ingredient type
Fermentek product
Available since
Title
Deleted CAS numbers
Value
345224-62-6; 693273-27-7;935869-37-7
Title
Transport information
Value
Not hazardous for transport
Fermentek Product Category
Plant-derived
Research field: Cancer
Protein kinase related
Anti Viral
Cancer Related Compounds
Immunosupressors
Immunomodulators
Signal to sort
H

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Hypericin.gif
Hypericin.gif

Gliotoxin

Gliotoxin
Molecular Formula
C13H14N2O4S2
M.W.
326.39
CAS number
67-99-2
MSDS
Source
Gliocladium fimbriatum
Fermentek product Code
GLI-001
Appearance
White to yellow powder
Purity by HPLC
≥98% ; refer to CoA for more data
Purity By TLC
≥98% ; refer to CoA for more data
Solubility test
Clear colorless solution at 10mg/ml of Methanol
Names and identifiers

Synonyms

  • Aspergillin
  • IUPAC name : (3R,6S,10aR)-6-hydroxy-3-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methyl-2,3,6,10-tetrahydro-5aH-3,10a-epidithiopyrazino[1,2-a]indole-1,4-dione
  • IUPAC name : Gliotoxin

RTECS KB4725000

 

 

 

Description

Gliotoxin is a fungal antibiotic mycotoxin with antiphagycytic and immunomodulatory activities.

Gliotoxin is  an antibiotic that is toxic to higher animals as well as to animal and plant pathogens and that is produced by various fungi (as of the genera Gliocladium, Aspergillus, andPenicillium)

InChl Key
FIVPIPIDMRVLAY-RBJBARPLSA-N
Canonical SMILES
CN1C(=O)C23CC4=CC=CC(C4N2C(=O)C1(SS3)CO)O
Isomeric SMILES
CN1C(=O)[C@]23CC4=CC=C[C@@H]([C@H]4N2C(=O)[C@]1(SS3)CO)O
Solubility ( literature )

DMSO, Methanol, Ethanol, Ethyl acetate, Petrol-ether, Dichloromethane. Water insoluble

Compound Classification

Chemical class:

  • Indole mycotoxin

Bioactivity class:

  • Immunomodulator
Storage, handling
Store in a freezer upon arrival, at -10°C to -25°C
Hygroscopic substance.
Protect from moisture
Protect from light !
Avoid exposing to strong direct light.
Retest time
3 Years
Applications

Gliotoxin blocks the thiol groups in the membranes . Gliotoxin induces apoptotsis in macrophages and thymocytes. Gliotoxin induces Ca2+ release from intact rat liver mitochondria.

Disclaimer
For Research use only
Not for Human or Drug use
Not extracted from humans or animals
Refer to MSDS for further safety and handling instructions
Ingredient type
Fermentek product
Available since
Title
Transport information
Value
Pg III
Title
CN code
Value
29419000
Fermentek Product Category
Food Safety
Mycotoxins
Food Safety Related
Apoptosis related
Anti Viral
Immunomodulators
Signal to sort
G

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Gliotoxin.gif
Gliotoxin.gif

FK-506 (Tacrolimus)

FK-506 (Tacrolimus)
Molecular Formula
C44H69NO12
M.W.
804.02
CAS number
104987-11-3
MSDS
Source
Streptomyces sp.
Fermentek product Code
FK5-001
Brand/grade
For research
Appearance
White to off white powder
Purity by HPLC
≥98% ; refer to CoA for more data
Purity By TLC
≥98% ; refer to CoA for more data
Solubility test
Clear colorless solution at 10mg/ml Ethyl acetate or DMSO
Names and identifiers

Synonyms: FK506, Tacrolimus,

RTECS:       KD4200000

EU number
658-056-2
Chemical name
FK506
Description

FK506 is 23-membered macrolide lactone discovered in 1984, by Kino T, Hatanaka H and Hashimoto M. [reference 2] FK506 exhibits potent inhibitory effect on T- lymphocyte activation. It binds to immunophilins FK506 binding proteins (FKBP-12) and a complex of FKBP-12, calcium, calmodulin and calcineurin is formed, inhibiting phosphatase activity of calcineurin. This prevents dephosphorylation and translocation of nuclear factor of activated T – cells (NF-AT) and inhibits transcription of early T-cell activation gene, Interleukin-2, Tumour Necrosis Factor (TNF-a) and proto-oncogenes; suppressing expression of IL-2 and IL-7 receptor. This results in inhibition of T-lymphocyte activation. FK506 also inhibits the mixed lymphocyte reaction, generation of cytotoxic T-cells and T-cell dependent B-cell activation.

InChl Key
QJJXYPPXXYFBGM-LFZNUXCKSA-N
Canonical SMILES
CC1CC(C2C(CC(C(O2)(C(=O)C(=O)N3CCCCC3C(=O)OC(C(C(CC(=O)C(C=C(C1)C)CC=C)O)C)C(=CC4CCC(C(C4)OC)O)C)O)C)OC)OC
Isomeric SMILES
C[C@@H]1C[C@@H]([C@@H]2[C@H](C[C@H]([C@@](O2)(C(=O)C(=O)N3CCCC[C@H]3C(=O)O[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H](CC(=O)[C@@H](/C=C(/C1)\C)CC=C)O)C)/C(=C/[C@@H]4CC[C@H]([C@@H](C4)OC)O)/C)O)C)OC)OC
Solubility ( literature )

FK506 is soluble in Methanol, Ethanol, Acetone, Ethyl Acetate, Diethyl ether, Chloroform, Dicloromethane. FK506 is sparingly soluble in Hexane, Petroleum ether. FK506 is insoluble in water

Compound Classification

Chemical classification:

Macrolide

Bioactivity classification

Immunosuppressant

Storage, handling
Store in a freezer upon arrival, at -10°C to -25°C
Applications

FK506 (Tacrolimus) is used as an immunosuppressant at organ transplantations. For experimental uses of FK506 (Tacrolimus) read also United States Patent Application 20090098200

Disclaimer
For Research use only
Not for Human or Drug use
Not extracted from humans or animals
Refer to MSDS for further safety and handling instructions
Ingredient type
Fermentek product
Title
toxicity by RTECS
Value
>200mg/kg oral mouse
Fermentek Product Category
Antibiotics
Immunosupressors
Immunomodulators
Signal to sort
F

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FK_506.gif
FK_506.gif

Deoxynivalenol

Deoxynivalenol (DON)
Molecular Formula
C15H20O6
M.W.
296.30
CAS number
51481-10-8
MSDS
Source
Semisynthetic
Fermentek product Code
DON-001
Brand/grade
For research
Appearance
White to slight yellow powder
Purity by HPLC
≥98% ; refer to CoA for more data
Purity By TLC
≥98% ; refer to CoA for more data
Solubility test
Clear colorless to slight yellow solution at 10mg/ml Ethanol, Clear colorless to slight yellow solution at 25mg/ml DMSO

Names and identifiers
  • Rd toxin
  • Vomitoxin
  • Deoxynivalenol
  • 4-Deoxynivalenol
  • Dehydronivalenol
  • 4-Desoxynivalenol

RTECS YD0167000

EU number
610-668-0
Description

Deoxynivalenol (DON , Vomitoxin) is a type B trichothecene. It occurs in grains such as wheat, barley, oats, rye, and maize, rice, sorghum. Deoxynivalenol (DON ) is produced by numerous strains of Fusarium and some other fungi. Deoxynivalenol (DON ) poisonings occur both in humans and farm animals. Deoxynivalenol (DON ) is highly toxic, producing a wide range of immunological disturbances and is particularly noted for inducing feed refusal and emesis in pigs, hence the alternative name vomitoxin Deoxynivalenol (DON ) usually co-occurs with other Fusarium toxins, such as Zearalenone, Nivalenol and its derivates, as well as the group of fumonisins.

InChl Key
LINOMUASTDIRTM-QGRHZQQGSA-N
Canonical SMILES
CC1=CC2C(C(C1=O)O)(C3(CC(C(C34CO4)O2)O)C)CO
Isomeric SMILES
CC1=C[C@@H]2[C@]([C@@H](C1=O)O)([C@]3(C[C@H]([C@H]([C@@]34CO4)O2)O)C)CO
Solubility ( literature )

Deoxynivalenol (DON ) is soluble in common polar organic solvents as acetonitrile, methanol and ethyl acetate, slightly soluble in water.

Compound Classification

trichothecene type B mycotoxin

Storage, handling
Store in a freezer upon arrival, at -10°C to -25°C
Protect from moisture
Other vendors may recommend higher temperatures for storage.
Retest time
3 Years
Applications

The main toxic effect of Deoxynivalenol (DON ) is inhibition of protein synthesis via binding to the ribosome.In agricultural R&D, DON is widely used to select crops strains with increased resistance against Fusarium.

Disclaimer
For Research use only
Not for Human or Drug use
Not extracted from humans or animals
Refer to MSDS for further safety and handling instructions
Semi-Synthetic
Ingredient type
Fermentek product
Available since
Title
Deleted CAS Numbers
Value
50722-37-7 ; 115825-61-1 ; 1394244-12-2
Fermentek Product Category
Food Safety
Mycotoxins
Food Safety Related
Trichocothecenes
Enzyme-inhibitors
Protein synthesis inhibitors
DNA replication inhibitors
Immunosupressors
Immunomodulators
Signal to sort
D

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Deoxynivalenol.gif
Deoxynivalenol.gif

Brefeldin A

Brefeldin A
Molecular Formula
C16H24O4
M.W.
280.36
CAS number
20350-15-6
MSDS
Source
Eupenicillium brefeldianum
Fermentek product Code
BRF-001
Brand/grade
For research
Appearance
White to off white powder
Purity by HPLC
≥98% ; refer to CoA for more data
Purity By TLC
≥98% ; refer to CoA for more data
Solubility test
Clear colorless solution at 10 mg/ml Methanol
Names and identifiers

Synonyms:

  • Nectrolide
  • Synergisidin
  • Cyanaein
  • Ascotoxin
  • Cyanein
  • Decumbin
  • Brefeldin A

EC# :  606-528-3

 Systematic name:

(1R,2E,6S,10E,11aS,13S,14aR)-1,13-Dihydroxy-6-methyl-1,6,7,8,9,11a,12,13,14,14a-decahydro-4H-cyclopenta[f]oxacyclotridecin-4-one

RTECS: GY8410000

EU number
606-528-3
Description

Brefeldin A is a macrocyclic lactone from fungal source, exhibiting a wide range of antibiotic activity.

InChl Key
KQNZDYYTLMIZCT-HHMYAMTESA-N
Canonical SMILES
CC1CCCC=CC2CC(CC2C(C=CC(=O)O1)O)O
Isomeric SMILES
C[C@H]1CCC/C=C/[C@@H]2C[C@@H](C[C@H]2[C@@H](/C=C\C(=O)O1)O)O
Solubility ( literature )

Methanol, Ethanol, Dichloromethane, DMSO, acetone or ethyl acetate

Compound Classification
  • Macrocyclic lactone antibiotic.
  • Antifungal
  • Antiviral
  • Protein Synthesis Inhibitor
Storage, handling
Store in a freezer upon arrival, at -10°C to -25°C
Open carefully. Keep the lid tightly closed.
Use the original container to store the product.
Applications

Inhibitor of protein translocation from endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to the Golgi apparatus.
Inhibitor of intracellular protein transport and protein secretionA macrolide isolated from Penicillium brefeldianum. It affects the vesticular transport of the Golgi apparatus and induces DNA fragmentation which leads to apoptosis.

 

Disclaimer
For Research use only
Not for Human or Drug use
Not extracted from humans or animals
Refer to MSDS for further safety and handling instructions
Warnings

NotAnimal

No animal ingredients

NotGMO

Product natural

Ingredient type
Fermentek product
Available since
Title
Transport information
Value
Pg III
Title
sig
Value
203729
Title
TSE
Value
F
Fermentek Product Category
Antibiotics
Apoptosis related
Protein synthesis inhibitors
Anti Viral
Immunomodulators
Signal to sort
B

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Brefeldin_A.gif
Brefeldin_A.gif

Bafilomycin A1

Bafilomycin A1
Molecular Formula
C35H58O9
M.W.
622.83
CAS number
88899-55-2
MSDS
Source
Streptomyces griseus
Fermentek product Code
BFA-001
Brand/grade
For research
Appearance
White to yellow powder
Purity by HPLC
≥95% ; refer to CoA for more data
Purity By TLC
≥98% ; refer to CoA for more data
Solubility test
Clear colorless to yellow solution at 5mg/ml Methanol or DMSO
Names and identifiers

IUPAC Name: (3Z,5E,7R,8S,9S,11E,13E,15S,16R)-8-Hydroxy-16-[(1S,2R,3S)-2-hydroxy-1-methyl-3-[(2R,4R,5S,6R)-tetrahydro-2,4-dihydroxy-5-methyl-6-(1-methylethyl)-2H-pyran-2-yl]butyl]-3,15-dimethoxy-5,7,9,11-tetramethyloxacyclohexadeca-3,5,11,13-tetraen-2-one

EU number
621-324-4
Description

Bafilomycin A1 is toxic macrolide antibiotic acts as a specific inhibitor of vacuolar-type H+-ATPase. It acts as autophagy Inhibitor

InChl Key
XDHNQDDQEHDUTM-JQWOJBOSSA-N
Canonical SMILES
CC1CC(=CC=CC(C(OC(=O)C(=CC(=CC(C1O)C)C)OC)C(C)C(C(C)C2(CC(C(C(O2)C(C)C)C)O)O)O)OC)C
Isomeric SMILES
C[C@H]1C/C(=C/C=C/[C@@H]([C@H](OC(=O)/C(=C/C(=C/[C@H]([C@H]1O)C)/C)/OC)[C@@H](C)[C@H]([C@H](C)[C@]2(C[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O2)C(C)C)C)O)O)O)OC)/C
Solubility ( literature )

Soluble in 100% ethanol, methanol or DMSO.

Compound Classification

Macrolide antibiotic

Storage, handling
Store in a freezer upon arrival, at -10°C to -25°C
Hygroscopic substance.
Protect from moisture
Protect from light !
Use the original container to store the product.
Keep the lid tightly closed.
Store under argon.
Other vendors may recommend higher temperatures for storage.
Retest time
1.5 Years
Applications

Bafilomycin A1 is a specific inhibitor of vacuolar type H+-ATPase (V-ATPase) in animal cells, plant cells and microorganisms. Bafilomycin A1 is useful in distinguishing among different types of ATPases. Bafilomycin A1 can prevent the re-acidification of synaptic vesicles once they have undergone exocytosis. Antibacterial, Antifungal, Antineoplastic, Immunosuppressive Bafilomycin A1 has been shown to decrease multi-drug resistance.

Bafilomycin A1, inhibits vacuolar-​ATPase.
It is a potassium ionophore that impairs mitochondrial functions.
It activates respiration of neuronal cells via uncoupling associated with flickering depolarization of mitochondria.
Bafilomycin A1 has been commonly used as a method of inhibition of infection by viruses known or suspected to follow the path of receptor-​mediated endocytosis and low-​pH-​mediated membrane fusion
Vacuolar ATPase inhibitors overcome Bcl-​xL-​mediated chemoresistance through restoration of a caspase-​independent apoptotic pathway.

Disclaimer
For Research use only
Not for Human or Drug use
Not extracted from humans or animals
Refer to MSDS for further safety and handling instructions
Ingredient type
Fermentek product
Available since
Title
Transport information
Value
Not hazardous for transport
Title
storage
Value
TRC,Merck: under inert gas+hygros+light
Fermentek Product Category
Antibiotics
Enzyme-inhibitors
Research field: Cancer
Apoptosis related
Anti Protozoal
Immunomodulators
Research area: Multi-drug resistance
Ionophores
Signal to sort
B

Quote for

Larger quantities available. Please enquire
Price
$1.00
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