Mycotoxins are defined as naturally occurring substances produced by filamentous fungi (moulds) that arouse toxic response when introduced in low amounts to animals through a natural pathway. These fungi are referred to as “toxigenic” fungi. They grow naturally as a form of contaminants on some food crops, majorly cereals, nuts and fruit. Conventionally, toxigenic fungi which contaminate crops have been classified into two groups: “field” and “storage” fungi. Field fungi (such as Cladosporium, Fusarium and Alternaria spp.) get to plants during the developmental stage of the plant; while storage fungi (e.g., Aspergillus and Penicillium spp.) proliferate during the storage period.

Mycotoxins, which are low weight secondary metabolites, produce harmful substances called Mycotoxicoses in animals which invariably impact public health. The toxicity effects of Mycotoxins could be acute or chronic, or both. The most toxic of these, is Aflatoxins. Aflatoxins B1, B2, G1 and G2 are a critical concern. A low-level exposure to Aflatoxin for a long term has been associated with different liver diseases such as cancer, jaundice, cirrhosis and hepatis. Also, they are genotoxic (DNA-damaging) carcinogenic and immunosuppressants. Ochratoxin A is another type of mycotoxin that is teratogenic (reproductive), immunosuppressant, and had been proved to have connection with kidney diseases. Other toxigenic fungi are associated with protein synthesis inhibition, genotoxic, and immune dysfunction.

Fermentek is a global leader in the production of high-standard reference material for Mycotoxins for food safety analysis and research. The company offers more than 60 types of Mycotoxins manufactured from various different microorganisms, divided into nine known Mycotoxin families. These products are formulated into a powdered form or standard solutions with high purity characterized by their melting points, TLC & HPLC. 

mycotoxins

Aflatoxin G2 13C17 (as solution)

Molecular Formula
13C17H14O7
M.W.
347.16
CAS number
1217462-49-1
Source
Aspergillus flavus
Fermentek product Code
AFG-004
Brand/grade
For research
Appearance
Clear colorless solution 1μg/ml in Acetonitrile
Purity by HPLC
≥98% ; refer to CoA for more data
Storage, handling
Store in a freezer upon arrival, at -10°C to -25°C
Open carefully.
Use the original container to store the product.
Keep the lid tightly closed.
Disclaimer
For Research use only
Not for Human or Drug use
Not extracted from humans or animals
Refer to MSDS for further safety and handling instructions
Ingredient Reference
Ingredient Other
Acetonitrile HPLC grade Supra gradient (Rag. EP/BP/USP)
Ingredient type
Fermentek product
Ingredient amount
1±0.1μg Aflatoxin G2 13C17 in 1ml Acetonitrile
Shipped in amber-glass vials
Available since

Aflatoxin G1 13C17 (as solution)

Molecular Formula
13C17H12O7
M.W.
345.15
CAS number
1217444-07-9
Source
Aspergillus flavus
Fermentek product Code
AFG-003
Brand/grade
For research
Appearance
Clear colorless solution 1μg/ml in Acetonitrile
Purity by HPLC
≥98% ; refer to CoA for more data
Storage, handling
Store in a freezer upon arrival, at -10°C to -25°C
Open carefully.
Use the original container to store the product.
Keep the lid tightly closed.
Disclaimer
For Research use only
Not for Human or Drug use
Not extracted from humans or animals
Refer to MSDS for further safety and handling instructions
Ingredient Reference
Ingredient Other
Acetonitrile HPLC grade Supra gradient (Rag. EP/BP/USP)
Ingredient type
Fermentek product
Ingredient amount
1±0.1μg Aflatoxin G1 13C17 in 1ml Acetonitrile
Shipped in amber-glass vials
Available since

Aflatoxin B2 13C17 (as solution)

Molecular Formula
13C17H14O6
M.W.
331.16
CAS number
1217470-98-8
Source
Aspergillus flavus
Fermentek product Code
AFB-004
Brand/grade
For research
Appearance
Clear colorless solution 1μg/ml in Acetonitrile
Purity by HPLC
≥98% ; refer to CoA for more data
Storage, handling
Store in a freezer upon arrival, at -10°C to -25°C
Open carefully.
Use the original container to store the product.
Keep the lid tightly closed.
Disclaimer
For Research use only
Not for Human or Drug use
Not extracted from humans or animals
Refer to MSDS for further safety and handling instructions
Ingredient Reference
Ingredient Other
Acetonitrile HPLC grade Supra gradient (Rag. EP/BP/USP)
Ingredient type
Fermentek product
Ingredient amount
1±0.1μg Aflatoxin B2 13C17 in 1ml Acetonitrile
Shipped in amber-glass vials
Available since

Aflatoxin B1 13C17 (as solution)

Molecular Formula
13C17H12O6
M.W.
329.15
CAS number
1217449-45-0
Source
Aspergillus flavus
Fermentek product Code
AFB-003
Brand/grade
For research
Appearance
Clear colorless solution 1μg/ml in Acetonitrile
Purity by HPLC
≥ 98% ; refer to CoA for more data
Storage, handling
Store in a freezer upon arrival, at -10°C to -25°C
Open carefully.
Use the original container to store the product.
Keep the lid tightly closed.
Disclaimer
For Research use only
Not for Human or Drug use
Not extracted from humans or animals
Refer to MSDS for further safety and handling instructions
Ingredient Reference
Ingredient Other
Acetonitrile HPLC grade Supra gradient (Rag. EP/BP/USP)
Ingredient type
Fermentek product
Ingredient amount
1±0.1μg Aflatoxin B1 13C17 in 1ml Acetonitrile
Available since

Standard Solution Alternariol monomethyl ether

Standard Solution Alternariol monomethyl ether
Molecular Formula
C15H12O5
CAS number
23452-05-3
MSDS
Fermentek product Code
STD-009
Brand/grade
Analytical standard
Description

Alternariol monomethyl ether 50µg/ml solution in Acetonitrile, grade HPLC Supra gradient (Reag. EP/BP/USP). Ready for injection into HPLC system.

Storage, handling
Store in a freezer upon arrival, at -10°C to -25°C
Disclaimer
For Research use only
Not for Human or Drug use
Not extracted from humans or animals
Refer to MSDS for further safety and handling instructions
Warnings
Ingredient Reference
Ingredient type
Fermentek product
Ingredient Other
Acetonitrile, grade HPLC Supra gradient (Reag. EP/BP/USP)
Ingredient type
Fermentek product
Ingredient type
Fermentek product
Ingredient amount
50µg/ml in Acetonitrile
Shipped in amber-glass vials
Available since

Aflatoxin M1 13C17 (as solution)

Molecular Formula
13C17H12O7
M.W.
345.15
CAS number
2707441-97-0
Source
Aspergillus flavus
Fermentek product Code
AFM-003
Brand/grade
For research
Appearance
Clear colorless solution 1μg/ml in Acetonitrile
Purity by HPLC
≥98% ; refer to CoA for more data
Storage, handling
Store in a freezer upon arrival, at -10°C to -25°C
Open carefully.
Use the original container to store the product.
Keep the lid tightly closed.
Disclaimer
For Research use only
Not for Human or Drug use
Not extracted from humans or animals
Refer to MSDS for further safety and handling instructions
Ingredient Reference
Ingredient Other
Acetonitrile HPLC grade Supra gradient (Rag. EP/BP/USP)
Ingredient type
Fermentek product
Ingredient amount
1±0.1μg Aflatoxin M1 13C17 in 1ml Acetonitrile
Shipped in amber-glass vials
Available since

Penitrem E

Penitrem E
Molecular Formula
C37H45NO6
M.W.
599.76
CAS number
78213-66-8
MSDS
Source
Penicillium palitans
Fermentek product Code
PEE
Brand/grade
For research
Appearance
White to off white powder
Purity by HPLC
≥ 95% ; refer to CoA for more data
Solubility test
Clear colorless solution at 10mg/ml of Methanol
Clear colorless solution at 50mg/ml of DMSO
Names and identifiers

Synonyms: 

  • Penitrem E
  • 6-Dechloropenitrem A

Chemical names: Penitrem E

IUPAC Name: (1S,2R,5S,6S,8R,9S,10R,12S,15R,16S,25R,27S,28R)-15,16,33,33-tetramethyl-24-methylidene-10-prop-1-en-2-yl-7,11,32-trioxa-18-azadecacyclo[25.4.2.02,16.05,15.06,8.06,12.017,31.019,30.022,29.025,28]tritriaconta-17(31),19(30),20,22(29)-tetraene-5,9,28-triol 

Comptox.EPA.Gov: DTXSID10999456

RTECS# KC9940880

EU number
Not listed as at June 2024
InChl Key
LTCFBVUSILPMGG-BRSLXYMHSA-N
Canonical SMILES
[H][C@]12O[C@@]11[C@]([H])(CC[C@]3(C)[C@@]4(C)C5=C6C7=C(N5)C=CC5=C7[C@@]7(O)[C@]([H])(C[C@]7([H])C(C)(C)O[C@@]6([H])[C@]4([H])CC[C@@]13O)C(=C)C5)O[C@]([H])(C(C)=C)[C@]2([H])O
Isomeric SMILES
CC(=C)[C@@H]1[C@@H]([C@@H]2[C@@]3(O2)[C@@H](O1)CC[C@]4([C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(C6=C7[C@H]5OC([C@H]8C[C@H]9[C@@]8(C1=C(CC9=C)C=CC(=C71)N6)O)(C)C)C)O)C)O
Solubility ( literature )

Tested: Methanol: Clear colorless solution at 10mg/ml
Tested: DMSO: Clear colorless solution at 50mg/ml

Storage, handling
Store in a freezer upon arrival, at -10°C to -25°C
Open carefully.
Use the original container to store the product.
Keep the lid tightly closed.
Avoid exposing to strong direct light.
Other vendors may recommend higher temperatures for storage.
Protect from moisture!
Disclaimer
For Research use only
Not for Human or Drug use
Not extracted from humans or animals
Refer to MSDS for further safety and handling instructions
Ingredient type
Fermentek product
Customs: Other Antibiotics-29419000
Shipped at ambient temperature
Shipped in amber-glass vials
Not considered hazardous for transportation.
Available since
Title
Deprecated CAS
Value
79104-74-8
Fermentek Product Category
Signal to sort
P

Penitrem B

Penitrem B
Molecular Formula
C37H45NO5
M.W.
583.76
CAS number
11076-67-8
MSDS
Source
Penicillium palitans
Fermentek product Code
PEB
Brand/grade
For research
Appearance
White to off white powder
Purity by HPLC
≥ 95% ; refer to CoA for more data
Solubility test
Clear colorless solution at 50mg/ml of DMSO
Clear colorless solution at 10mg/ml of Methanol
Names and identifiers

Synonyms: 

  • Tremortin B
  • Penitrem B

Chemical names:

IUPAC:  (1S,2R,5S,6S,8R,9S,10R,12S,15R,16S,25S,27S,28S)-15,16,33,33-tetramethyl-24-methylidene-10-prop-1-en-2-yl-7,11,32-trioxa-18-azadecacyclo[25.4.2.02,16.05,15.06,8.06,12.017,31.019,30.022,29.025,28]tritriaconta-17(31),19(30),20,22(29)-tetraene-5,9-diol

RTECS# RY753700

EU number
Not listed as at 16-June-2024
Chemical name
Penitrem B
Description

Penitrem B is a tremogenic toxin produced by some Penicillium species, such as P. palitans, P.aurantiogriseum P.verrucosum, and other genera (Aspergillus sulphureus).  As a tremorgenic mycotoxin, it may affect central nervous system activity.

InChl Key
CRPJNVUYZRFGAK-WKAGVDCZSA-N
Canonical SMILES
CC(=C)C1C(C2C3(O2)C(O1)CCC4(C3(CCC5C4(C6=C7C5OC(C8CC9C8C1=C(CC9=C)C=CC(=C17)N6)(C)C)C)O)C)O
Isomeric SMILES
CC(=C)[C@@H]1[C@@H]([C@@H]2[C@@]3(O2)[C@@H](O1)CC[C@]4([C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(C6=C7[C@H]5OC([C@H]8C[C@H]9[C@@H]8C1=C(CC9=C)C=CC(=C17)N6)(C)C)C)O)C)O
Solubility ( literature )

Methanol, DMSO

Storage, handling
Store in a freezer upon arrival, at -10°C to -25°C.
Open carefully.
Use the original container to store the product.
Keep the lid tightly closed.
Avoid exposing to strong direct light.
Other vendors may recommend higher temperatures for storage.
Protect from moisture!
Disclaimer
For Research use only
Not for Human or Drug use
Not extracted from humans or animals
Refer to MSDS for further safety and handling instructions
Ingredient type
Fermentek product
Customs: Other Antibiotics-29419000
Shipped at ambient temperature
Shipped in amber-glass vials
Available since
Fermentek Product Category
Signal to sort
P

Roridin E

Roridin E
Molecular Formula
C29H38O8
M.W.
514.61
CAS number
16891-85-3
MSDS
Source
Myrothecium sp.
Fermentek product Code
ROE-001
Brand/grade
For research
Purity by HPLC
≥ 98% ; refer to CoA for more data
Purity By TLC
≥ 98% ; refer to CoA for more data
Solubility test
Clear colorless solution at 10mg/ml of Dichloromethane or DMSO
Names and identifiers

Synonyms:

  • Roridin E
  • Verrucarin A, 2',3'-didehydro-7'-deoxo-2'-deoxy-7'-(1-hydroxyethyl)-, (2'E,7'R(R))-

Chemical names:

IUPAC:  Verrucarin A, 2',3'-didehydro-7'-deoxo-2'-deoxy-7'-(1-hydroxyethyl)-, (2'E,7'R(R))-(1R,3R,8R,12E,17R,18E,20Z,24R,25S,26S)-17-[(1R)-1-hydroxyethyl]-5,13,25-trimethylspiro[2,10,16,23-tetraoxatetracyclo[22.2.1.03,8.08,25]heptacosa-4,12,18,20-tetraene-26,2'-oxirane]-11,22-dione

T3DB: T3D3711

RTECS# YX9821500

Description

Roridin E is trichothecene toxin produced by molds from Fusarium, Myrothecium, and Stachybotrys genera. 

InChl Key
KEEQQEKLEZRLDS-FLGSVKSYSA-N
Canonical SMILES
CC1=CC2C3(CC1)COC(=O)C=C(CCOC(C=CC=CC(=O)OC4C3(C5(CO5)C(C4)O2)C)C(C)O)C
Isomeric SMILES
CC1=C[C@@H]2[C@@]3(CC1)COC(=O)/C=C(/CCO[C@H](/C=C/C=C\C(=O)O[C@H]4[C@]3([C@]5(CO5)[C@@H](C4)O2)C)[C@@H](C)O)\C
Storage, handling
Store in a freezer upon arrival, at -10°C to -25°C
Open carefully.
Use the original container to store the product.
Keep the lid tightly closed.
Avoid exposing to strong direct light.
Other vendors may recommend higher temperatures for storage.
Protect from moisture!
Retest time
3 years
Disclaimer
For Research use only
Not for Human or Drug use
Not extracted from humans or animals
Refer to MSDS for further safety and handling instructions
Ingredient type
Fermentek product
Shipped in amber-glass vials
Shipped at ambient temperature
Available since

Verrucarin J

Verrucarin J
Molecular Formula
C27H32O8
M.W.
484.54
CAS number
4643-58-7
MSDS
Source
Myrothecium sp.
Fermentek product Code
VRJ-001
Brand/grade
For research
Appearance
White to faint yellow powder
Purity by HPLC
≥98% ; refer to CoA for more data
Purity By TLC
≥98% ; refer to CoA for more data
Solubility test
Clear colorless to faint yellow solution at 10mg/ml of DMSO or Chloroform
Names and identifiers

Synonyms:

Verrucarin J

Verrucarin A, 2',​3'-​didehydro-​2'-​deoxy-​, (2'E)​-(2'E)-2',3'-Didehydro-2'-deoxyverrucarin

Muconomycin B

Verrucrin J

Verrucosporin J

Chemical names:

Verrucarin A, 2',3'-didehydro-2'-deoxy-

IUPAC:

(1'R,3'R,8'R,12'E,18'E,20'Z,24'R,25'S)-5',13',25'-Trimethyl-11'H,17'H,22'H-spiro[oxirane-2,26'-[2,10,16,23]tetraoxatetracyclo[22.2.1.03,8.08,25]heptacosa[4,12,18,20]tetraene]-11',17',22'-trione

RTECS# YX9822000

EU number
Not on ECHA as on 11-2023
Chemical name
Verrucarin A, 2',3'-didehydro-2'-deoxy-
Merck index
(Verrucarins) M114
Description

 Type D trichothecene, exhibiting anti-cancer properties

InChl Key
GXCGYHWSYNQVHU-UGAPSZEOSA-N
Canonical SMILES
CC1=CC2C3(CC1)COC(=O)C=C(CCOC(=O)C=CC=CC(=O)OC4C3(C5(CO5)C(C4)O2)C)C
Isomeric SMILES
CC1=C[C@@H]2[C@@]3(CC1)COC(=O)/C=C(/CCOC(=O)/C=C/C=C/C(=O)O[C@H]4[C@]3([C@]5(CO5)[C@@H](C4)O2)C)\C
Storage, handling
Store in a freezer upon arrival, at -10°C to -25°C
Open carefully.
Use the original container to store the product.
Keep the lid tightly closed.
Protect from moisture!
Retest time
3 Years
Disclaimer
For Research use only
Not for Human or Drug use
Not extracted from humans or animals
Refer to MSDS for further safety and handling instructions
Ingredient type
Fermentek product
Shipped at ambient temperature