The trichothecenes mycotoxins are produced mainly by fungi of the Fusarium genus. Fusaria are the most important mycotoxin-producing species, occurring widely in field crops. Group A trichothecenes includes: T-2 toxin, HT-2 toxin, Neosolaniol, and Diacetoxyscirpenol. Group B trichothecenes includes: Deoxynivalenol (commonly called ‘DON’ or ‘vomitoxin’), Nivalenol, and Fusarenon X.

Because Deoxynivalenol is toxic and often found in foodstuffs, sometimes in high concentrations, it has recently become a concern of international organizations and governmental food agencies.

Affected commodities and derived products

Trichothecenes occur in cereal grains such as wheat, barley, maize, oats, rice, soya beans, and derived products such as breakfast cereals and beer. They also can contaminate other food commodities including sorghum, potatoes, bananas, mustard seed, ground nuts, mangoes, sunflower seeds and cassava.

Toxicity and economical importance  

The Trichothecene group of toxins is acutely cytotoxic and strongly immunosuppressive at low concentrations. Acute toxicity is characterized by gastrointestinal disturbances such as vomiting, diarrhea, inflammation, dermal irritation, feed refusal, abortion, anaemia and leukopenia.

Regulation and permissible limits

In 2000, the EC proposed Deoxynivalenol action levels of 500ppb, for cereal products.  

Analytical detection methods

The current analytical method of choice for quantitative results, is GC with electron capture or mass spectrometric detection (MS). Recently, LC-MS, has been employed for the determination and identification of trichothecenes at trace levels. In addition, reliable and sensitive HPLC methods have been developed for some of the Group B compounds.

Accurate analysis of mycotoxins such as the trichothecenes depends upon the use of certified mycotoxin standard reference materials that are used for calibration and validation of the food safety analytical instruments and methods.

Fermentek's Trichothecene products

Fermentek offers Deoxynivalenol (DON), 3-Acetyl DON, 15 -Acetyl DON, Fusarenon X, HT-2 toxin, neosolaniol, nivalenol, diacetoxyscirpenol, 15- Acetoxyscirpenol, T2 Tetrol, T-2 toxin and  T2 Triol. These mycotoxins are formulated either as standard solutions or as solid crystalline substances. 

Roridin E

Roridin E
Molecular Formula
C29H38O8
M.W.
514.61
CAS number
16891-85-3
MSDS
Source
Myrothecium sp.
Fermentek product Code
ROE
Brand/grade
For research
Purity by HPLC
≥ 98% ; refer to CoA for more data
Purity By TLC
≥ 98% ; refer to CoA for more data
Solubility test
Clear colorless solution at 10mg/ml of Dichloromethane or DMSO
Names and identifiers

Synonyms:

  • Roridin E
  • Verrucarin A, 2',3'-didehydro-7'-deoxo-2'-deoxy-7'-(1-hydroxyethyl)-, (2'E,7'R(R))-

Chemical names:

IUPAC:  Verrucarin A, 2',3'-didehydro-7'-deoxo-2'-deoxy-7'-(1-hydroxyethyl)-, (2'E,7'R(R))-(1R,3R,8R,12E,17R,18E,20Z,24R,25S,26S)-17-[(1R)-1-hydroxyethyl]-5,13,25-trimethylspiro[2,10,16,23-tetraoxatetracyclo[22.2.1.03,8.08,25]heptacosa-4,12,18,20-tetraene-26,2'-oxirane]-11,22-dione

T3DB: T3D3711

RTECS# YX9821500

Description

Roridin E is trichothecene toxin produced by molds from Fusarium, Myrothecium, and Stachybotrys genera. 

InChl Key
KEEQQEKLEZRLDS-FLGSVKSYSA-N
Canonical SMILES
CC1=CC2C3(CC1)COC(=O)C=C(CCOC(C=CC=CC(=O)OC4C3(C5(CO5)C(C4)O2)C)C(C)O)C
Isomeric SMILES
CC1=C[C@@H]2[C@@]3(CC1)COC(=O)/C=C(/CCO[C@H](/C=C/C=C\C(=O)O[C@H]4[C@]3([C@]5(CO5)[C@@H](C4)O2)C)[C@@H](C)O)\C
Storage, handling
Store in a freezer upon arrival, at -10°C to -25°C
Open carefully.
Use the original container to store the product.
Keep the lid tightly closed.
Avoid exposing to strong direct light.
Other vendors may recommend higher temperatures for storage.
Protect from moisture!
Retest time
3 years
Disclaimer
For Research use only
Not for Human or Drug use
Not extracted from humans or animals
Refer to MSDS for further safety and handling instructions
Ingredient type
Fermentek product
Shipped in amber-glass vials
Shipped at ambient temperature
Available since
Fermentek Product Category
Food Safety
Mycotoxins
Trichocothecenes
Cytotoxic agents
Apoptosis related
Protein synthesis inhibitors
Protein kinase related
Anti Parasitic
Anti Viral
Signal to sort
R

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Price
$1.00
RORIDIN E
RORIDIN E

Verrucarin J

Verrucarin J
Molecular Formula
C27H32O8
M.W.
484.54
CAS number
4643-58-7
Source
Myrothecium sp.
Fermentek product Code
VRJ-001
Brand/grade
For research
Appearance
White to faint yellow powder
Purity by HPLC
≥98% ; refer to CoA for more data
Purity By TLC
≥98% ; refer to CoA for more data
Solubility test
Clear colorless to faint yellow solution at 10mg/ml of DMSO or Chloroform
Names and identifiers

Synonyms:

Verrucarin J

Verrucarin A, 2',​3'-​didehydro-​2'-​deoxy-​, (2'E)​-(2'E)-2',3'-Didehydro-2'-deoxyverrucarin

Muconomycin B

Verrucrin J

Verrucosporin J

Chemical names:

Verrucarin A, 2',3'-didehydro-2'-deoxy-

IUPAC:

(1'R,3'R,8'R,12'E,18'E,20'Z,24'R,25'S)-5',13',25'-Trimethyl-11'H,17'H,22'H-spiro[oxirane-2,26'-[2,10,16,23]tetraoxatetracyclo[22.2.1.03,8.08,25]heptacosa[4,12,18,20]tetraene]-11',17',22'-trione

RTECS# YX9822000

EU number
Not on ECHA as on 11-2023
Chemical name
Verrucarin A, 2',3'-didehydro-2'-deoxy-
Merck index
(Verrucarins) M114
Description

 Type D trichothecene, exhibiting anti-cancer properties

InChl Key
GXCGYHWSYNQVHU-UGAPSZEOSA-N
Canonical SMILES
CC1=CC2C3(CC1)COC(=O)C=C(CCOC(=O)C=CC=CC(=O)OC4C3(C5(CO5)C(C4)O2)C)C
Isomeric SMILES
CC1=C[C@@H]2[C@@]3(CC1)COC(=O)/C=C(/CCOC(=O)/C=C/C=C/C(=O)O[C@H]4[C@]3([C@]5(CO5)[C@@H](C4)O2)C)\C
Storage, handling
Store in a freezer upon arrival, at -10°C to -25°C
Open carefully.
Use the original container to store the product.
Keep the lid tightly closed.
Protect from moisture!
Retest time
3 Years
Disclaimer
For Research use only
Not for Human or Drug use
Not extracted from humans or animals
Refer to MSDS for further safety and handling instructions
Ingredient type
Fermentek product
Shipped at ambient temperature
Fermentek Product Category
Mycotoxins
Trichocothecenes

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Price
$1.00
Verrucarin J
Verrucarin J

Roridin A

Roridin A
Molecular Formula
C29H40O9
M.W.
532.62
CAS number
14729-29-4
MSDS
Source
Myrothecium sp.
Fermentek product Code
ROA-001
Brand/grade
For research
Appearance
White to faint yellow powder
Purity by HPLC
≥98% ; refer to CoA for more data
Purity By TLC
≥98% ; refer to CoA for more data
Solubility test
Clear colorless to faint yellow solution at 10mg/ml of DMSO or Chloroform
Names and identifiers

 

Synonyms:

  • Verrucarin A, 7'-deoxo-7'-(1-hydroxyethyl)-
  • Roridin A
  • Roridan A
  • Antibiotic 379X

IUPAC:

(1'R,3'R,8'R,12'S,13'R,17'R,18'E,20'Z,24'R,25'S)-12'-Hydroxy-17'-[(1R)-1-hydroxyethyl]-5',13',25'-trimethyl-11'H,22'H-spiro[oxirane-2,26'-[2,10,16,23]tetraoxatetracyclo[22.2.1.03,8.08,25]heptacosa ;[4,18,20]triene]-11',22'-dione

RTECS# VL0355000

EU number
238-783-8
Description

A type D trichothecene mycotoxin exhibiting anticancer properties

InChl Key
NSFWWJIQIKBZMJ-PAGWOCKZSA-N
Canonical SMILES
CC1CCOC(C=CC=CC(=O)OC2CC3C4(C2(C5(CCC(=CC5O3)C)COC(=O)C1O)C)CO4)C(C)O
Isomeric SMILES
C[C@@H]1CCO[C@H](/C=C/C=C\C(=O)O[C@@H]2C[C@@H]3[C@]4([C@]2([C@]5(CCC(=C[C@H]5O3)C)COC(=O)[C@H]1O)C)CO4)[C@@H](C)O
Compound Classification

Type D Thrichthecene.

Storage, handling
Store in a freezer upon arrival, at -10°C to -25°C
Open carefully.
Use the original container to store the product.
Keep the lid tightly closed.
Other vendors may recommend higher temperatures for storage.
Protect from moisture!
Retest time
3 Years
Applications

Roridin A and other Roridins and Verrucarins are produced by "The Black Mold", a common name for Stachybotrys family of molds that infect houses. Exposure to Roridin A can cause nasal irritation, abundance bodily fluid emission, and harm to the olfactory framework. Gastrointestinal exposure to Roridins can cause ulceration or bleeding from the large intestine, hypermotility, diarrhea. Long-term exposure to Roridins has been reported to cause cognitive disorders.

Roridin A from Fermentek is manufactured using a Myrothecium mold (which belongs to the Stachybotrys family). It is used as a sample to detect Black Mold infection in houses.

Disclaimer
For Research use only
Not for Human or Drug use
Not extracted from humans or animals
Refer to MSDS for further safety and handling instructions
Ingredient type
Fermentek product
Shipped at ambient temperature
Available since
Fermentek Product Category
Mycotoxins
Trichocothecenes
Anti Parasitic
Anti Viral

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Price
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Roridin A
Roridin A

Verrucarin A

Verrucarin A
Molecular Formula
C27H34O9
M.W.
502.55
CAS number
3148-09-2
MSDS
Source
Myrothecium sp.
Fermentek product Code
VRA-001
Brand/grade
For research
Appearance
White to faint yellow powder
Purity by HPLC
≥98% ; refer to CoA for more data
Purity By TLC
≥98% ; refer to CoA for more data
Solubility test
Clear colorless to faint yellow solution at 10mg/ml of DMSO or Chloroform
Names and identifiers

Synonyms:

  • Muconomycin A
  • Spiro[16,18-methano-1H,3H,23H-[1,6,12]trioxacyclooctadecino[3,4-d][1]benzopyran-17(18H),2'-oxirane]-3,9,14-trione, 4,5,6,7,16,16a,19a,22-octahydro-4-hydroxy-5,16a,21-trimethyl-, (4S,5R,10E,12Z,16R,16aS,17S,18R,19aR,23aR)-
  • Verrucarine A

Chemical names:

IUPAC: 

  •  (4S,5R,10E,12Z,16R,16aS,17S,18R,19aR,23aR)-4,5,6,7,16,16a,19a,22-Octahydro-4-hydroxy-5,16a,21-trimethylspiro[16,18-methano-1H,3H,23H-[1,6,12]trioxacyclooctadecino[3,4-d][1]benzopyran-17(18H),2'-oxirane]-3,9,14-trione

Merck index:  M11430  (Verrucarins)

EU number
636-535-7
Description

Verrucarin A is a type D trichothecene  from Stachybotrys, Fusarium, and Myrothecium fungi,  which inhibits protein synthesis and causes apoptosis.

InChl Key
NLUGUZJQJYVUHS-IDXDZYHTSA-N
Canonical SMILES
CC1CCOC(=O)C=CC=CC(=O)OC2CC3C4(C2(C5(CCC(=CC5O3)C)COC(=O)C1O)C)CO4
Isomeric SMILES
C[C@@H]1CCOC(=O)/C=C/C=C\C(=O)O[C@@H]2C[C@@H]3[C@]4([C@]2([C@]5(CCC(=C[C@H]5O3)C)COC(=O)[C@H]1O)C)CO4
Storage, handling
Store in a freezer upon arrival, at -10°C to -25°C
Open carefully.
Use the original container to store the product.
Keep the lid tightly closed.
Avoid exposing to strong direct light.
Other vendors may recommend higher temperatures for storage.
Protect from moisture!
Retest time
3 Years
Disclaimer
For Research use only
Not for Human or Drug use
Not extracted from humans or animals
Refer to MSDS for further safety and handling instructions
Ingredient type
Fermentek product
Transport safety: class 6.1 PG ||
Available since
Title
Depreciated CAS Registry Numbers
Value
11039-36-4 18046-08-7 21462-53-3
Fermentek Product Category
Mycotoxins
Trichocothecenes

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Price
$309.00
Verrucarin A
Verrucarin A

Satratoxin H

Satratoxin H
Molecular Formula
C29H36O9
M.W.
528.59
CAS number
53126-64-0
Source
Stachybotrys chartarum
Fermentek product Code
SAH-001
Brand/grade
For research
Appearance
White to Off-White powder
Purity by HPLC
≥98% ; refer to CoA for more information
Purity By TLC
Single spot on TLC plates, by multiple methods
Solubility test
Clear colorless solution at 10mg/ml of Chloroform Clear colorless solution at 10mg/ml of DMSO
Names and identifiers

Synonyms:

Chemical names:

IUPAC:

(2'R,4E,9R,10E,12Z,16R,16aS,18R,19aR,23aR,25R)-6,7,16,16a,19a,22-

hexahydro-25-hydroxy-9-((1S)-1-hydroxyethyl)-16a,21-dimethyl-spiro(5,9,16,18-dimethano- 1H,3H,23H-(1,6,12)trioxacyclooctadecino(3,4-d)(1)benzopyran-17(18H)-2'-oxirane)- 3,14(9H)-dione

RTECS#  VQ5952000

Depreciated CAS numbers: 54385-59-0, 60538-73-0

 
EU number
Not on ECHA as on 11-2023
Description

Type D highly toxic trichothecene mycotoxin, associated with "sick homes syndrome".

InChl Key
MUACSCLQRGEGOE-RXLTUBJDSA-N
Canonical SMILES
CC1=CC2C3(CC1)COC(=O)C=C4CCOC(C4O)(C=CC=CC(=O)OC5C3(C6(CO6)C(C5)O2)C)C(C)O
Isomeric SMILES
CC1=C[C@@H]2[C@@]3(CC1)COC(=O)C=C4CCO[C@](C4O)(/C=C/C=C/C(=O)O[C@H]5[C@]3([C@]6(CO6)[C@@H](C5)O2)C)[C@H](C)O
Solubility ( literature )

Insoluble in water,
soluble in lower alcohols and polar solvents including

  • methanol,
  • ethanol,
  • isopropanol
  • propylene glycol,
  • acetone,
  • ethyl acetate
  • chloroform,
  • dimethyl sulfoxide
Storage, handling
Store in a freezer upon arrival, at -10°C to -25°C
Hygroscopic substance.
Open carefully.
Use the original container to store the product.
Keep the lid tightly closed.
Avoid exposing to strong direct light.
Other vendors may recommend higher temperatures for storage.
Protect from moisture!
Retest time
3 Years
Disclaimer
For Research use only
Not for Human or Drug use
Not extracted from humans or animals
Refer to MSDS for further safety and handling instructions
Ingredient type
Fermentek product
Shipped at ambient temperature
Available since
Fermentek Product Category
Mycotoxins
Trichocothecenes

Quote for

Price
$1.00

Standard Solution Alternariol monomethyl ether

Standard Solution Alternariol monomethyl ether
MSDS
Fermentek product Code
STD-009
Brand/grade
Analytical standard
Description

Alternariol monomethyl ether, 50 µg/ml, in Acetonitrile, HPLC Supra Gradient grade. Ready for injection.

Storage, handling
Store in a freezer upon arrival, at -10°C to -25°C
Use the original container to store the product.
Keep the lid tightly closed.
Avoid exposing to strong direct light.
Ingredient Reference
Alternariol monomethyl ether
Ingredient type
Fermentek product
Ingredient amount
50 µg/ml in Acetonitrile
Ingredient Other
Acetonitrile, HPLC Supra Gradient grade Acetonitrile (CAS #75-05-8)
Ingredient type
Fermentek product
Ingredient amount
to 100%
Amber-glass vial.
Fermentek Product Category
Mycotoxins
Trichocothecenes
Standard Solutions
Signal to sort
S

Quote for

Price
$1.00

Standard Solution Alternariol

Standard Solution Alternariol
MSDS
Fermentek product Code
SSAL
Brand/grade
Analytical standard
Description

Alternariol 50 ppm, in Acetonitrile, HPLC Supra Gradient grade. Ready for injection. Available in 1 or 5 cc amber-glass vials.

Storage, handling
Store in a freezer upon arrival, at -10°C to -25°C
Use the original container to store the product.
Keep the lid tightly closed.
Avoid exposing to strong direct light.
Ingredient Reference
Alternariol
Ingredient type
Fermentek product
Ingredient amount
50 ppm
Ingredient Other
Acetonitrile, HPLC Supra Gradient grade Acetonitrile (CAS #75-05-8)
Ingredient type
Fermentek product
Ingredient amount
to 100%
Amber-glass vial.
Fermentek Product Category
Food Safety Related
Regulated Mycotoxins
Trichocothecenes
Standard Solutions
Signal to sort
S

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Price
$1.00

Standard Solution Nivalenol

Standard Solution Nivalenol
MSDS
Fermentek product Code
STD-023
Brand/grade
Analytical standard
Description

Nivalenol 100 ppm, in Acetonitrile, HPLC Supra Gradient grade. Ready for injection. Available in 1 or 5 cc amber-glass vials.

Storage, handling
Store in a freezer upon arrival, at -10°C to -25°C
Use the original container to store the product.
Keep the lid tightly closed.
Avoid exposing to strong direct light.
Ingredient Reference
Nivalenol
Ingredient type
Fermentek product
Ingredient amount
100 µg/ml in Acetonitrile
Ingredient Other
Acetonitrile, HPLC Supra Gradient grade Acetonitrile (CAS #75-05-8)
Ingredient type
Fermentek product
Ingredient amount
to 100%
Amber-glass vial.
Available since
Fermentek Product Category
Mycotoxins
Trichocothecenes
Standard Solutions
Signal to sort
S

Quote for

Price
$1.00

T2 toxin Triol

T2 toxin Triol
Molecular Formula
C19H30O7
M.W.
382.45
CAS number
34114-98-2
MSDS
Source
Semisynthetic
Fermentek product Code
TRI-001
Brand/grade
For research
Appearance
White powder
Purity by HPLC
≥96% ; refer to CoA for more data
Purity By TLC
≥98% ; refer to CoA for more data
Solubility test
Clear colorless solution at 10 mg/ml Dichloromethane
Names and identifiers

Synonyms:

  • Scirpentriol
  • T-2 triol

IUPAC Name:

  • 3,4,15-Trihydroxy-12,13-epoxytrichothec-9-en-8-yl 3-methylbutanoate 

RTECS:  YD0105000

 

Description

T2-triol is a type-A trichothecene mycotoxin that occurs in nature

InChl Key
DDAUKBBLCGQHIP-VFVREVADSA-N
Canonical SMILES
CC1=CC2C(CC1OC(=O)CC(C)C)(C3(C(C(C(C34CO4)O2)O)O)C)CO
Isomeric SMILES
CC1=C[C@@H]2[C@](C[C@@H]1OC(=O)CC(C)C)([C@]3([C@@H]([C@H]([C@H](C34CO4)O2)O)O)C)CO
Solubility ( literature )

Dichloromethane, DMSO, Methanol. Slightly soluble in water

Compound Classification

Chemical class: trichothecene type A mycotoxin

Storage, handling
-20°C. Protect from light.Comment: trichocethenes are thermostable compounds and are not destroyed in boiling.
Retest time
3 Years
Ingredient type
Fermentek product
Available since
Title
Transport information
Value
PG I
Title
changes in website content
Value
23-jan-2020 CAS was 97373-21-2; now 34114-98-2
Fermentek Product Category
Mycotoxins
Trichocothecenes
Signal to sort
T

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Price
$1.00
T2_Toxin_Triol.gif
T2_Toxin_Triol.gif

T2 toxin Tetraol

T2 toxin Tetraol
Molecular Formula
C15H22O6
M.W.
298.33
CAS number
34114-99-3
MSDS
Source
Semisynthetic
Fermentek product Code
TET-001
Appearance
White powder
Purity by HPLC
≥98% ; refer to CoA for more data
Purity By TLC
≥98% ; refer to CoA for more data
Melting point
125°C- 135°C
Solubility test
Clear colorless solution at 10 mg/ml Dichloromethane
Names and identifiers

Synonyms

  • 3-alpha,4-beta,8-alpha,15-Tetrahydroxy-12,13-epoxytrichothec-9-ene
  • Toxin T4
  • T-2 tetraol
  • T-2 toxin tetraol

RTECS: YC9980000

EU number
621-631-3
Description

T2-tetraol is a type-A trichothecene mycotoxin that occurs in nature

InChl Key
ZAXZBJSXSOISTF-ZSTBYQRGSA-N
Canonical SMILES
CC1=CC2C(CC1O)(C3(C(C(C(C34CO4)O2)O)O)C)CO
Isomeric SMILES
CC1=C[C@@H]2[C@](C[C@@H]1O)([C@]3([C@@H]([C@H]([C@H](C34CO4)O2)O)O)C)CO
Solubility ( literature )

Dichloromethane, DMSO, Methanol. Slightly soluble in water

Compound Classification

chemical class: trichothecene type A mycotoxin

Storage, handling
-20°C. Protect from light.Comment: trichocethenes are thermostable compounds and are not destroyed in boiling.
Retest time
3 Years
Ingredient type
Fermentek product
Available since
Title
Transport information
Value
PG I ; Inh.Toxicity confirmed
Fermentek Product Category
Mycotoxins
Trichocothecenes
Signal to sort
T

Quote for

Price
$1.00
T2_Tetraol.gif
T2_Tetraol.gif
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